German METAFRAM bearings METAFRAM models METAFRAM prices

METAFRAM bearings are bearings that operate under sliding friction. Plain bearings operate smoothly, reliably, and without noise. Under liquid lubrication conditions, the sliding surfaces are separated by lubricating oil without direct contact, which can greatly reduce friction loss and surface wear; the oil film also has a certain vibration absorption capacity. However, the starting friction resistance is relatively high. The part of the shaft supported by the bearing is called the journal, and the part mating with the journal is called the bearing bush. The anti-friction material layer cast on the inner surface of the bearing bush to improve its friction properties is called the bearing lining. The materials of the bearing bush and bearing lining are collectively referred to as plain bearing materials. Plain bearings are generally used in high-speed and light-load operating conditions.

METAFRAM bearing features and structure

Common sliding bearing materials include bearing alloys (also known as Babbitt metal or white metal), wear-resistant cast iron, copper-based and aluminum-based alloys, powder metallurgy materials, plastics, rubber, hardwood, and carbon-graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon, PTFE), modified polyoxymethylene (POM), etc. Sliding bearings absorb and transmit forces between relatively moving parts, maintaining the position and positioning accuracy of the two parts. In addition, they convert directional motion into rotary motion (such as in reciprocating piston engines). Sliding friction occurs during the operation of sliding bearings; the magnitude of sliding friction force mainly depends on manufacturing precision, while the friction force of sliding bearings mainly depends on the material of the bearing sliding surface. The working surfaces of sliding bearings generally have self-lubricating functions; sliding bearings are classified into non-metallic sliding bearings and metallic sliding bearings according to their materials. Non-metallic sliding bearings are mainly plastic bearings, which are generally made of engineering plastics with good performance; professional manufacturers generally possess self-lubricating modification technology for engineering plastics, enhancing them with fibers, special lubricants, glass beads, etc., to achieve certain performance levels, and then processing the modified plastics into self-lubricating plastic bearings via injection molding. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the most widely used metallic sliding bearings were three-layer composite bearings. These bearings generally use carbon steel plates as the substrate, sinter a layer of spherical copper powder onto the steel plate through sintering technology, and then sinter a layer of PTFE lubricant approximately 0.03mm thick onto the copper powder layer; the intermediate layer of spherical copper powder mainly serves to enhance the bonding strength between the steel plate and PTFE, and also plays a certain role in load bearing and lubrication during operation.

METAFRAM bearing materials

1) Metallic materials, such as bearing alloys, bronze, aluminum-based alloys, zinc-based alloys, etc. Bearing alloys: Bearing alloys, also known as white metals, are primarily alloys of tin, lead, antimony, or other metals. Due to their good wear resistance, high plasticity, good run-in performance, good thermal conductivity, good anti-seizure properties, and good oil adsorption, they are suitable for heavy-load and high-speed conditions. Bearing alloys have low strength and are relatively expensive; they must be cast onto bronze, steel strips, or cast iron bearing shells to form a thin coating. 2) Porous metallic materials (powder metallurgy materials): Porous metals are a type of powder material with a porous structure. If immersed in lubricating oil so that the micropores are filled with oil, they become oil-impregnated bearings with self-lubricating properties. Porous metallic materials have low toughness and are only suitable for stable, non-impact loads and medium to low speeds. 3) Non-metallic bearing plastics: Common bearing plastics include phenolic plastics, nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. Plastic bearings have high compressive strength and wear resistance, can be lubricated with oil and water, and also have self-lubricating properties, but poor thermal conductivity.

METAFRAM bearing maintenance

During operation, plain bearings generate friction due to the contact between the journal and the bearing bush, leading to surface heating, wear, and even "seizure." Therefore, when designing bearings, bearing bush materials with good anti-friction properties should be selected, appropriate lubricants and supply methods should be used, and the bearing structure should be improved to achieve thick-film lubrication, etc. Bush surface corrosion: Spectral analysis reveals abnormal concentrations of non-ferrous metal elements; many sub-micron wear particles of non-ferrous metal components appear in the spectrum; moisture and acid value in the lubricating oil exceed standards. Journal surface corrosion: Spectral analysis reveals abnormal iron element concentrations; many sub-micron iron-component particles appear in the ferrogram; moisture or acid value in the lubricating oil exceeds standards. Journal surface scoring: Cutting wear particles or black oxide particles of the iron series are found in the ferrogram, and temper colors exist on the metal surface. Bush back fretting wear: Spectral analysis reveals abnormal iron concentrations; many sub-micron iron-component wear particles appear in the ferrogram; moisture and acid value in the lubricating oil are abnormal. Bearing surface scoring: Cutting wear particles are found in the ferrogram, with non-ferrous metal components. Bush surface spalling: Many large-sized fatigue spalling alloy wear particles and layered wear particles are found in the ferrogram. Bearing bush burnout: Many large-sized alloy wear particles and black metal oxides are present in the ferrogram. Bearing wear: Due to the metal characteristics of the shaft (high hardness, poor compliance), it is prone to adhesive wear, abrasive wear, fatigue wear, fretting wear, etc. Prevention of paint rust: Paint rust is characterized by a sealed motor that sounds fine initially, but after some time in storage, the motor makes very abnormal noises, and severe rust is found upon removing the bearing. Many manufacturers consider this a pre-bearing issue; the main problem is that insulating varnish volatilizes acids at certain temperatures and humidity, causing corrosion of metals, forming corrosive substances, and leading to corrosion damage in plain bearings. Plain bearing life is closely related to manufacturing, assembly, and use; every link must be optimized to ensure the best operation of the bearing, thereby extending its service life. 1) During the production of coated machine bearings, rust prevention and oil seal packaging requirements were not strictly followed for rust prevention treatment of coated machine bearing parts during processing and finished coated machine bearings after assembly. For example, rings may have excessively long turnover times, or the outer diameter of the outer ring may come into contact with corrosive liquids or gases. 2) The quality of products such as anti-rust lubricating oils and cleaning kerosene used in production does not meet the requirements specified by process technology. 3) Due to the continuous price drop of coated machine bearing steel, the quality of the steel material has gradually declined. For instance, the content of non-metallic impurities in the steel is high (increased sulfur content in steel reduces the material's inherent rust resistance), and there are deviations in the metallographic structure. Currently, the sources of coated machine bearing steel used by manufacturers are mixed, and the quality of the steel is uneven. 4) Poor environmental conditions, high content of harmful substances in the air, and small turnover areas make effective rust prevention difficult. Additionally, hot weather and violations of rust prevention procedures by production workers are not uncommon. 5) Packaging materials for coated machine plain bearings, such as rust-proof paper, nylon paper (bags), and plastic tubes, do not meet the requirements for rolling coated machine bearing oil seal rust prevention packaging, which is also a factor causing rust. 6) The turning and grinding allowances for the rings of coated machine plain bearings are too small, and the oxide scale and decarburized layer on the outer diameter are not completely removed, which is also one of the reasons.

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