German HAKON bearings HAKON models HAKON prices

HAKON bearings are bearings that operate under sliding friction. Plain bearings operate smoothly, reliably, and without noise. Under liquid lubrication conditions, the sliding surfaces are separated by lubricating oil without direct contact, which can greatly reduce friction loss and surface wear; the oil film also has a certain vibration absorption capacity. However, the starting friction resistance is relatively high. The part of the shaft supported by the bearing is called the journal, and the part mating with the journal is called the bearing bush. The anti-friction material layer cast on the inner surface to improve the friction properties of the bearing bush surface is called the bearing lining. The materials of the bearing bush and bearing lining are collectively referred to as plain bearing materials. Plain bearings are generally used in high-speed and light-load operating conditions.

HAKON bearing features and structure

Common sliding bearing materials include bearing alloys (also known as Babbitt metal or white metal), wear-resistant cast iron, copper-based and aluminum-based alloys, powder metallurgy materials, plastics, rubber, hardwood, and carbon-graphite. Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon, PTFE), modified polyoxymethylene (POM), etc., are also used. Sliding bearings absorb and transmit forces between components in relative motion, maintaining the position and positioning accuracy of the two parts. Additionally, they convert directional motion into rotary motion (as in reciprocating piston engines). Sliding friction occurs during the operation of sliding bearings; the magnitude of sliding friction primarily depends on manufacturing precision, while the friction force of a sliding bearing mainly depends on the material of the bearing sliding surface. Generally, the working surfaces of sliding bearings have self-lubricating properties. Sliding bearings are classified by material into non-metallic sliding bearings and metallic sliding bearings. Non-metallic sliding bearings are primarily plastic bearings, which are usually made from high-performance engineering plastics. Specialized manufacturers typically possess self-lubricating modification technologies for engineering plastics, enhancing them with fibers, special lubricants, glass beads, etc., to achieve specific performance levels. These modified plastics are then injection-molded into self-lubricating plastic bearings. In the early twenty-first century, the most widely used metallic sliding bearings were three-layer composite bearings. These bearings typically use a carbon steel plate as the substrate. A layer of spherical copper powder is first sintered onto the steel plate using sintering technology, followed by sintering a layer of PTFE lubricant approximately 0.03mm thick onto the copper powder layer. The intermediate layer of spherical copper powder primarily serves to enhance the bonding strength between the steel plate and PTFE, while also providing certain load-bearing and lubricating functions during operation.

HAKON bearing materials

1) Metallic materials, such as bearing alloys, bronze, aluminum-based alloys, and zinc-based alloys. Bearing alloys: Also known as white metal, bearing alloys are primarily alloys of tin, lead, antimony, or other metals. Due to their good wear resistance, high plasticity, good conformability, good thermal conductivity, good anti-seizure properties, and good oil adsorption, they are suitable for heavy-load and high-speed conditions. Bearing alloys have low strength and are relatively expensive. They must be cast onto bronze, steel strips, or cast iron bearing shells to form a thin coating. 2) Porous metallic materials (powder metallurgy materials): Porous metal is a powder material with a porous structure. If impregnated with lubricating oil so that the micropores are filled with oil, it becomes an oil-impregnated bearing with self-lubricating properties. Porous metallic materials have low toughness and are only suitable for smooth, non-shock loads and medium to low speeds. 3) Non-metallic bearing plastics: Common bearing plastics include phenolic plastics, nylon, and polytetrafluoroethylene. Plastic bearings have high compressive strength and wear resistance. They can be lubricated with oil and water and also possess self-lubricating properties, but they have poor thermal conductivity.

HAKON bearing maintenance

During operation, plain bearings generate friction due to contact between the journal and the bearing bush, leading to surface heating, wear, and even "seizure." Therefore, when designing bearings, one should select plain bearing materials with good anti-friction properties for the bearing bush, use suitable lubricants and supply methods, and improve the bearing structure to achieve thick-film lubrication, etc. Bush surface corrosion: Spectral analysis reveals abnormal concentrations of non-ferrous metal elements; many sub-micron wear particles of non-ferrous metal components appear in the spectrum; lubricating oil moisture and acid value exceed standards. Journal surface corrosion: Spectral analysis reveals abnormal iron element concentration; many sub-micron iron-component particles appear in the ferrogram; lubricating oil moisture or acid value exceeds standards. Journal surface scoring: The ferrogram contains iron-based cutting wear particles or black oxide particles, and temper colors exist on the metal surface. Bush back fretting wear: Spectral analysis reveals abnormal iron concentration; many sub-micron iron-component wear particles appear in the ferrogram; lubricating oil moisture and acid value are abnormal. Bearing surface scoring: Cutting wear particles are found in the ferrogram, with non-ferrous metal composition. Bush surface spalling: Many large-sized fatigue spalling alloy wear particles and layered wear particles are found in the ferrogram. Bearing bush burnout: Many large-sized alloy wear particles and black metal oxides are present in the ferrogram. Bearing wear: Due to the metal characteristics of the shaft (high hardness, poor compliance), it is prone to adhesive wear, abrasive wear, fatigue wear, fretting wear, etc. Prevention of paint rust: Paint rust is characterized by a sealed motor that sounds fine initially, but after a period in storage, the motor becomes very noisy, and severe rust is found upon removing the bearing. Many manufacturers consider this a pre-bearing issue; the main problem is that insulating varnish releases volatile acids at certain temperatures and humidity, causing corrosion and protection issues, forming corrosive substances that cause corrosion damage to plain bearings. Plain bearing life is closely related to manufacturing, assembly, and use; every link must be optimized to ensure the best bearing operation, thereby extending bearing service life. 1) During the production of coated machine bearings, rust prevention and oil-sealed packaging requirements were not strictly followed for rust prevention treatment of coated machine bearing parts during processing and finished coated machine bearings after assembly. For example, if the turnover time for rings is too long, the outer diameter of the outer ring may come into contact with corrosive liquids or gases. 2) The quality of products such as anti-rust lubricating oils and cleaning kerosene used in production does not meet the requirements specified by process technology. 3) Due to the continuous price drop of coated machine bearing steel, the quality of coated machine bearing steel material has gradually declined. For example, the content of non-metallic impurities in steel is high (increased sulfur content in steel reduces the material's own anti-rust performance), and there are deviations in metallographic structure. Currently, the sources of coated machine bearing steel used by production enterprises are mixed, and steel quality is uneven. 4) Poor environmental conditions, high content of harmful substances in the air, and small turnover areas make effective rust prevention treatment difficult. In addition, hot weather and production workers violating rust prevention regulations are not uncommon. 5) Rust-preventive paper, nylon paper (bags), and plastic tubes, among other packaging materials for coated machine plain bearings, do not meet the requirements for oil-sealed rust-preventive packaging of rolling coated machine bearings, which is also one of the factors causing rust. 6) The turning and grinding allowances for the rings of coated machine plain bearings are too small, and the oxide scale and decarburized layer on the outer diameter are not completely removed, which is also one of the reasons.

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