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Peter Hirt bearings are precision mechanical components that convert sliding friction between the rotating shaft and the bearing housing into rolling friction, thereby reducing frictional losses. Rolling bearings generally consist of four parts: inner ring, outer ring, rolling elements, and cage. The inner ring fits with the shaft and rotates with it; the outer ring fits with the bearing housing to provide support; the rolling elements are evenly distributed between the inner and outer rings by means of the cage, and their shape, size, and quantity directly affect the performance and service life of the rolling bearing; the cage ensures uniform distribution of the rolling elements, guides their rotation, and facilitates lubrication.

Peter Hirt bearing classification

1) Combined type: Combined needle roller bearings are bearing units composed of radial needle roller bearings and thrust bearing components. They feature a compact structure, small volume, and high rotational accuracy, capable of sustaining high radial loads while simultaneously accepting certain axial loads. The product offers diverse structural forms, wide adaptability, and ease of installation. Combined needle roller bearings are widely used in various mechanical equipment such as machine tools, metallurgical machinery, textile machinery, and printing machinery, enabling highly compact and agile mechanical system designs. [2) Thrust type: Thrust bearings consist of thrust cage assemblies containing needle rollers, cylindrical rollers, or balls, along with thrust washers. The needle rollers and cylindrical rollers are retained and guided by the thrust cage. When used with DF thrust bearing washers of different series, they provide many different combinations for bearing configurations. The use of high-precision cylindrical rollers (needle rollers) increases the contact length, allowing these bearings to achieve high load capacity and high rigidity in minimal space. Another advantage is that washers can be omitted if adjacent part surfaces are suitable as raceways, resulting in a compact design. The cylindrical surfaces of the needle rollers and cylindrical rollers used in DF thrust needle roller bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings are profiled, which reduces edge stress and extends service life.

Peter Hirt bearing installation

Installation of full-complement needle roller bearings is typically performed using an auxiliary sleeve. In this process, the auxiliary roller or auxiliary sleeve supports the needle rollers to prevent them from falling out. The chamfer on the shaft journal lifts the needle rollers, and as the needle roller bearing moves slowly inward along the shaft journal, the auxiliary roller or auxiliary sleeve gradually withdraws until the bearing reaches its working position. The outer diameter of the auxiliary roller or auxiliary sleeve should be 0.1―0.3mm smaller than the shaft diameter. During installation, first apply grease to the inner surface of the bearing outer ring, then place the needle rollers against the inner surface (leaving a gap when inserting the last needle roller). Next, push the auxiliary roller or auxiliary sleeve, which replaces the shaft journal or bearing inner ring, into the bore of the outer ring, aligning its end face with the mounting shaft end face or the end face of the bearing inner ring already installed on the shaft. Then, apply pressure using a press or hand hammer. Needle roller bearings can also be installed by coating the outer diameter of the auxiliary sleeve with a thin layer of lubricating oil, slipping it into the bearing outer ring to form an annular hole between the sleeve and the outer ring, and then installing the needle rollers into this annular hole. After installing the needle rollers, push out the auxiliary sleeve using the working shaft. For needle roller bearings without an inner or outer ring, apply a thin layer of grease to the rolling surfaces of the shaft or housing bore during installation, and place the needle rollers sequentially onto the grease at the installation site. Leave a gap when placing the last needle roller; the appropriate gap size around the circumference of the needle roller bearing is 0.5mm. Do not forcibly squeeze in the last needle roller or omit one, as forced insertion may jam the bearing preventing rotation, while omitting one creates excessive gap, leading to skewing and breakage of needle rollers during operation. For needle roller bearings with only a stamped outer ring, do not install by hammering because the outer ring wall is very thin; instead, use a press for installation. Hammering applies uneven pressure, which can easily cause local deformation of the needle roller bearing's outer ring.

Peter Hirt bearing usage instructions

1) Bearing disassembly and assembly: Clean the bearing thoroughly before installation. During installation, use special tools to press the bearing in evenly and straightly. Do not strike it with a hand hammer; striking the bearing directly is strictly prohibited. If the fit between the bearing ring and the housing bore is loose, repair the housing bore or replace the bearing. Do not resort to makeshift measures such as knurling the mating surface or inserting copper shims. When removing the bearing, use an appropriate puller to extract it. Do not strike the bearing with chisels, hand hammers, or similar tools. 2) Bearing lubrication: The common lubricants for rolling bearings are lubricating oil and grease. Grease lubrication is used when the circumferential speed of the shaft is less than 4-5m/s, or for automotive applications where lubricating oil cannot be used. The advantages of grease lubrication include a simple sealing structure, minimal grease loss, low sensitivity to temperature changes, and long service life per application. Two points must be observed when using grease: First, select the appropriate grade of grease as specified in the vehicle manual. For example, sodium-based grease is not suitable for automotive water pump bearings due to its poor water resistance. Second, apply the correct amount of grease; generally, filling 1/2-l/3 of the bearing cavity is appropriate. Excessive grease is not only useless but also increases operating resistance, causing overheating. Special attention should be paid to automotive wheel hub bearings; "empty-hub lubrication" is recommended, meaning only a moderate layer of grease should be applied to the bearing itself. Otherwise, it not only causes waste and poor heat dissipation but may also cause the grease to overflow due to heat, potentially affecting braking performance. The advantages of lubricating oil include low frictional resistance and effective heat dissipation; it is mainly used for high-speed bearings and those operating in high-temperature environments. Select the grade of lubricating oil as specified in the vehicle manual and replace it promptly according to the maintenance schedule. After draining the old oil, clean the mechanism before adding new oil. Fill the oil to the specified mark or level with the filler port (depending on the specific vehicle structure and requirements); do not overfill.

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