German GKN Service shaft GKN Service model GKN Service price

GKN Service shaft is the most important component in an engine. It bears the force transmitted from the connecting rod, converts it into torque, outputs it through the crankshaft, and drives other accessories on the engine. The crankshaft is subjected to the combined effects of centrifugal force from rotating masses, periodically changing gas inertia forces, and reciprocating inertia forces, causing the crankshaft to bear bending and torsional loads. Therefore, the crankshaft is required to have sufficient strength and stiffness; the journal surface must be wear-resistant, operate smoothly, and have good balance.

GKN Service shaft introduction

The most important component in an engine. It bears the force transmitted from the connecting rod, converts it into torque, outputs it through the crankshaft, and drives other accessories on the engine. The crankshaft is subjected to the combined effects of centrifugal force from rotating masses, periodically changing gas inertia forces, and reciprocating inertia forces, causing the crankshaft to bear bending and torsional loads. Therefore, the crankshaft is required to have sufficient strength and stiffness; the journal surface must be wear-resistant, operate smoothly, and have good balance. To reduce the mass of the crankshaft and the centrifugal force generated during motion, crankshaft journals are often made hollow. Oil holes are drilled on each journal surface to introduce or discharge engine oil for lubricating the journal surface. To reduce stress concentration, transition arcs are used at the connections between the main journals, crankpins, and crank arms. The function of the crankshaft counterweights (also known as balancing weights) is to balance the rotating centrifugal forces and their moments, and sometimes also to balance the reciprocating inertia forces and their moments. When these forces and moments are balanced themselves, the counterweights can also be used to reduce the load on the main bearings. The number, size, and placement position of the counterweights must be considered based on factors such as the number of engine cylinders, cylinder arrangement, and crankshaft shape. Counterweights are generally cast or forged integrally with the crankshaft; for high-power diesel engines, counterweights are manufactured separately from the crankshaft and then connected together with bolts.

GKN Service shaft control

Shafts typically adopt variable frequency speed regulation methods. There are mainly three control methods: ordinary variable frequency drive and control, vector control drive and control, and direct torque control. Ordinary variable frequency is scalar drive and control; its drive control characteristic is constant torque drive, with output power proportional to speed. The dynamic performance of ordinary variable frequency control is not ideal; control performance is poor at low speeds, output power is not stable enough, and it does not possess C axis functionality. However, it is inexpensive and has a simple structure, generally used for grinders and ordinary high-speed milling machines. Vector control technology mimics the control of DC motors, using rotor field orientation and vector transformation methods to achieve drive and control, offering good dynamic performance. Vector control drives have a large torque value at startup; coupled with the simple structure and small inertia of the electric spindle itself, this results in high starting acceleration, allowing instantaneous attainment of the allowable limit speed after startup. These drives come in open-loop and closed-loop types; the latter can achieve position and speed feedback, not only having better dynamic performance but also realizing C axis functionality; while the former has slightly poorer dynamic performance and does not possess C axis functionality, but is relatively cheaper. Direct torque control is another new type of high-performance AC speed regulation technology developed after vector control technology. Its control concept is novel, and the system structure is concise and clear, making it more suitable for driving high-speed electric spindles. It better meets the dynamic and static characteristic requirements of high-speed electric spindles, such as high rotational speed, wide speed regulation range, and high-speed instantaneous precise stopping, and has become a hot technology in the field of AC drives.

GKN Service shaft structure

Shaft structural design is an important step in shaft design, determining the reasonable shape and all structural dimensions of the shaft. It depends on the types, sizes, and positions of parts installed on the shaft, the fixing methods of parts, the nature, direction, magnitude, and distribution of loads, the types and sizes of bearings, the shaft blank, manufacturing and assembly processes, installation and transportation, and factors such as shaft deformation. Designers can design according to the specific requirements of the shaft; if necessary, several schemes can be compared to select the design scheme. The following are general principles for shaft structural design: 1, save material, reduce weight, and adopt equal-strength outer dimensions or cross-sectional shapes with large section moduli as much as possible; 2, facilitate precise positioning, stability, assembly, disassembly, and adjustment of parts on the shaft; 3, adopt various structural measures to reduce stress concentration and increase strength; 4, facilitate machining and manufacturing and ensure precision.

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