German WEISS coupling, WEISS model, WEISS price

WEISS couplings are used to support rotating parts, bearing only bending moments without transmitting torque. Some spindles rotate, such as the axles of railway vehicles, while others do not, such as the axles supporting pulleys. Depending on whether the spindle rotates during operation, it can be classified into rotating spindles and fixed spindles. Rotating spindle: The shaft bears bending moment and rotates during operation. Fixed spindle: The shaft bears bending moment and remains stationary during operation. Based on the function of the shaft and the loads it bears, shafts can be classified into spindles, rotating shafts, and transmission shafts. Among them, spindles bear only bending moments without transmitting torque; rotating shafts bear both bending moments and transmit torque; transmission shafts transmit only torque without bearing bending moments, or bear very small bending moments.

WEISS Coupling Introduction

Gear couplings have small radial dimensions and high load-carrying capacity. They are commonly used in shaft transmissions under low-speed, heavy-load conditions, such as in metallurgy, mining, and lifting and transportation industries. They are also suitable for petroleum, chemical, and general machinery industries. High-precision gear couplings that have undergone dynamic balancing can be used for high-speed transmissions, such as in gas turbine shaft systems. Since drum-tooth gear couplings offer greater angular compensation than straight-tooth gear couplings, drum-tooth gear couplings are widely adopted both domestically and internationally, while straight-tooth gear couplings should be avoided whenever possible. Gear couplings are a type of movable rigid coupling. They transmit torque and rotational motion between two half-couplings through the meshing of internal and external teeth, making them suitable for connecting coaxial shaft transmission systems with certain capability to compensate for relative displacement between the two shafts. Its structure is shown in Figure One. It mainly consists of an internal gear ring, a gear sleeve, and end covers. For smaller-sized gear couplings, the end cover and internal gear ring can be integrated into a single unit. Due to their compact structure, high load-carrying capacity, wide operating speed range, and reliable performance, gear couplings are widely used in various mechanical industries, including metallurgy, mining, lifting and transportation, petroleum, and shipbuilding.

WEISS Coupling Classification

Gear couplings can be divided into three types based on the axial tooth profile of the external gear sleeve: straight-tooth gear couplings, drum-tooth gear couplings, and special drum-tooth gear couplings. Regardless of the type, the internal gear ring and the involute straight internal gear are identical except for the selection of the tip clearance coefficient. The axial tooth blank of the external gear sleeve in straight-tooth gear couplings can be machined into straight and arc shapes, while the pitch circle and root circle are both straight. The meshing form of this coupling is exactly the same as the internal and external tooth meshing of involute cylindrical gears. Relative displacement between the two shafts is compensated by increasing the side clearance of the internal and external teeth, but the compensation amount is limited. In drum-tooth gear couplings, the tooth top of the external gear sleeve is machined into an arc, meaning the tooth blank is machined into a spherical surface. In the cross-section at the tooth center plane and tangent to the pitch cylinder, the teeth form a drum shape, hence the name drum-tooth coupling. Its characteristics are: 1) High load-carrying capacity. Calculated based on bending strength, the torque transmitted is increased by 15～30% compared to straight-tooth gear couplings under the same conditions; 2) Reasonable structure and reliable performance. The drum-shaped tooth sides improve contact conditions when the axis is at a certain angle, thereby reducing contact stress and eliminating load concentration at the tooth ends of straight-tooth couplings (i.e., eliminating edge crushing), which improves operational performance. 3) Good compensation performance. The drum-shaped tooth profile of the external gear sleeve increases the allowable relative offset between the connected shafts. The maximum allowable inclination angle can reach 6 degrees, with a general recommendation of 1.5°～2.5°.

WEISS Coupling Troubleshooting

1) Misalignment of gear couplings: Coupling misalignment is classified into angular misalignment, parallel misalignment, and combined misalignment. Angular misalignment occurs when there is face runout on the coupling faces, causing the centerlines of the two half-couplings to form an angle. This generates excitation forces during rotation, inducing vibration responses. Parallel misalignment occurs when the centerlines of the two half-couplings are not collinear, but remain parallel at a certain distance, generating vibration responses during rotation. Combined misalignment is the most common misalignment phenomenon in actual rotating machinery, involving both angular misalignment and parallel misalignment, representing a combination of both. During the manufacturing process, the coupling face may not be perpendicular to the centerline, or the centerline of the face bolt holes may not be concentric with the journal, due to process or measurement issues. During the installation process, tightening the connection bolts (gear sleeve bolts) can cause shaft deformation, resulting in significant runout at the journal. Sometimes, differences in the tightening force of the circumferential connection bolts of the coupling can also cause conditions similar to face runout. During operation, if operating conditions change drastically, such as during load application, when the load reaches a certain value (i.e., the shaft system torque increases to a specific level), mutual displacement of the coupling occurs, changing the shaft alignment status and causing a sudden change in the vibration response of the rotor connected by the coupling. A large instantaneous change in shaft system torque impacts the torque-transmitting coupling, causing mutual displacement of the coupling and changing the shaft alignment status. 2) Torsional vibration: The torsional vibration of gear couplings has been analyzed and studied, mainly using Fourier series solutions, with clearance, damping, and excitation force as parameters, A nonlinear analysis was conducted on the torsional vibration of shaft systems connected by gear couplings; Extensive tests were carried out on the axial vibration of shaft systems connected by gear couplings, and the main causes of axial vibration were qualitatively explained, indicating that axial vibration is mainly caused by misalignment and friction on the tooth surfaces, and significant axial displacement will occur when there is no axial restoring force or thrust bearing. Vibration analysis is one of the techniques for predicting coupling misalignment, as it can determine the trend of gradual changes in equipment condition, but when determining whether a piece of equipment is in a misaligned state, it is necessary to refer to a large amount of historical data and cases, and to distinguish whether the issue lies with the bearings, lubricating oil, or coupling, or with the connection and fixation, so it has certain limitations. Infrared thermography can, when equipment condition is poor, differentiate overheated areas such as bearings, motor housings, and couplings, and determine the alignment error of the coupling, and when combined with other predictive techniques such as vibration analysis, the effect will be better. Tests were conducted on high-speed rotating turbine generators and blowers, providing a brief explanation of the bending vibration caused by gear couplings; Bending vibration tests were performed on shaft systems connected by gear couplings under different parameter conditions such as unbalance, lubrication conditions, clearance, errors, and load; In addition, Yamauchi, Someya, and others conducted a nonlinear analysis of the bending vibration of half-coupling systems under the action of dry friction on the tooth surfaces, The vibration of gear couplings is mainly related to the misalignment between internal and external gears and tooth surface friction, and special attention must be paid to the lubrication of tooth surfaces in high-speed rotation conditions.

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