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ASSAG couplings utilize their mechanism characteristics to enable continuous rotation of the connected shafts and reliably transmit torque and motion, even when the two shafts are not on the same axis and an axis angle exists. The greatest feature of universal couplings is their large angular compensation capability, compact structure, and high transmission efficiency. The angle between the two axes varies with different structural types of universal couplings, generally between 5° and 45°.

ASSAG coupling structure and applications

Universal couplings have various structural types, such as cross-type, ball cage type, ball fork type, block type, ball pin type, ball joint type, ball joint plunger type, three-pin type, triple-fork type, triple-ball pin type, and hinge rod type; the most common is the cross-type, followed by the ball cage type. In practical applications, they are classified into heavy-duty, medium-duty, light-duty, and small-size based on the magnitude of the transmitted torque. They are mechanical components used to connect two shafts (driving shaft and driven shaft) in different mechanisms, causing them to rotate together to transmit torque. In high-speed and heavy-load power transmission, some couplings also provide buffering, vibration damping, and improved dynamic performance of the shaft system. A coupling consists of two halves, connected to the driving shaft and the driven shaft respectively. Generally, prime movers are connected to working machines via couplings.

ASSAG coupling classification

There is a wide variety of couplings. Based on the relative position of the two connected shafts and the nature of positional changes, they can be classified into: 1) Rigid couplings. Primarily used where strict alignment of the two shafts is required and no relative displacement occurs during operation. The structure is generally simple, easy to manufacture, and the instantaneous rotational speeds of the two shafts are identical. Main types include flange couplings, sleeve couplings, and clamp-shell couplings. 2) Movable couplings. Primarily used where the two shafts have misalignment or experience relative displacement during operation. Based on the method of compensating for displacement, they are further divided into rigid movable couplings and elastic movable couplings. Rigid movable couplings compensate using the mobility in one or several directions provided by the dynamic connections between the coupling's working parts, such as jaw couplings (allowing axial displacement), cross-groove couplings (used to connect two shafts with small parallel or angular displacement), universal couplings (used where there is a large misalignment angle or significant angular displacement during operation), gear couplings (allowing combined displacement), and chain couplings (allowing radial displacement). Elastic movable couplings (abbreviated as elastic couplings) use the elastic deformation of elastic elements to compensate for shaft misalignment and displacement. Meanwhile, the elastic elements also provide buffering and vibration damping properties, such as serpentine spring couplings, radial multi-leaf spring couplings, elastic ring pin couplings, nylon pin couplings, and rubber sleeve couplings. Some couplings have been standardized. When selecting, first choose the appropriate type based on work requirements, then calculate torque and speed according to the shaft diameter, look up the applicable model in relevant manuals, and finally perform necessary calculations for certain key components.

ASSAG coupling selection

Before selecting a universal coupling, the following prerequisites and conditions must be clarified: 1) Whether there is a transmission device between the prime mover and the universal coupling. If yes, what is the transmission ratio? After passing through the intermediate transmission device, how many shafts output power, i.e., is there power splitting? Consider the type, power, and speed of the prime mover. 2) Consider the type of prime mover and the load category for selecting a cross-type universal coupling to transmit the load: unidirectional constant load, pulsating load, or bidirectional alternating load. What is the installation status of the universal coupling? Horizontal, vertical, or inclined installation. Try to keep the axis break angle less than 3 degrees. If inclined installation is unavoidable, determine the horizontal and vertical angles. 3) Consider the working environment of the prime mover. Are there adverse environmental conditions such as high temperature, dust, water spray, or chemical corrosion? Select the corresponding type of universal coupling based on the usage environment. 4) Know the required connection forms at both ends of the universal coupling and specific installation dimensions, and understand if there are special requirements such as mounting brackets. 5) What is the rotational speed of the cross-type universal coupling itself? Is dynamic balancing required? If dynamic balancing or balancing is required, specify the required balance quality grade. 6) Are there limitations on the installation position? What is the specific installation length? Is telescopic movement required? If telescopic movement is required, what is the outward extension amount from the shortest state of the universal coupling? For universal couplings that do not require telescopic movement, compensation for axial dimensional errors must be considered, and the compensation location within the system should be determined. By understanding the above prerequisites, gradually determine the specifications of the universal shaft, and finally decide which structural form to select. Structural forms of universal couplings include cross-type, ball cage type, ball fork type, block type, ball pin type, ball joint type, ball joint plunger type, three-pin type, triple-fork type, triple-ball pin type, and hinge rod type. The most common is the cross-type, followed by the ball cage type. In practical applications, they are classified into heavy-duty, medium-duty, light-duty, and small-size based on the magnitude of the transmitted torque. To select a coupling suitable for the prime mover from such a wide variety of universal couplings, a thorough understanding of the aforementioned prerequisites and external influencing factors is necessary.

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