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Vogel pumps are rotary pumps that rely on the change and movement of the working volume formed between the pump cylinder and meshing gears to transport liquids or increase their pressure. Two enclosed spaces are formed by two gears, the pump body, and the front and rear covers. When the gears rotate, the volume on the disengaging side increases from small to large, creating a vacuum that draws in liquid, while the volume on the meshing side decreases from large to small, forcing the liquid into the pipeline. The suction chamber and discharge chamber are separated by the meshing line of the two gears. The pressure at the discharge port of a gear pump depends entirely on the resistance at the pump outlet.

Vogel pump operating principle

The concept of a gear pump is very simple. Its most basic form consists of two gears of identical size meshing and rotating within a closely fitted housing. The interior of this housing resembles a figure-8, with the two gears installed inside; the outer diameter and sides of the gears fit closely with the housing. Material from the extruder enters the space between the two gears at the suction inlet, filling this space. As the teeth rotate, the material moves along the housing and is finally discharged when the teeth mesh. Gear pumps are also known as positive displacement devices. Like a piston in a cylinder, when one tooth enters the fluid space of another, the incompressibility of the liquid means that the liquid and the tooth cannot occupy the same space simultaneously, so the liquid is mechanically squeezed out. Due to the continuous meshing of the teeth, this phenomenon occurs continuously, providing a continuous discharge volume at the pump outlet. With each revolution of the pump, the discharged volume remains the same. As the drive shaft rotates uninterrupted, the pump discharges fluid without interruption. The pump flow rate is directly related to the pump speed. In practice, there is a small amount of fluid loss within the pump because this fluid is used to lubricate the bearings and the sides of the gears. Furthermore, the pump body cannot have a gap-free fit, so it is impossible for the fluid to exit the outlet 100%. Therefore, a small amount of fluid loss is inevitable, preventing the pump's operating efficiency from reaching 100%. However, the pump can still operate well, achieving an efficiency of 93% to 98% for most extruded materials. This pump is not significantly affected by fluids whose viscosity or density changes during the process. If there is a damper, such as a filter screen or restrictor at the discharge side, the pump will push the fluid through them. If this damper changes during operation—i.e., if the filter becomes dirty or clogged, or if the back pressure of the restrictor increases—the pump will maintain a constant flow until the mechanical limit of the weakest component in the system is reached (a torque limiter is usually installed). There is actually a limit to the rotational speed of a pump, which mainly depends on the process fluid. If oil is being transported, the pump can rotate at high speeds, but this limit increases significantly when the fluid is a high-viscosity polymer melt. It is crucial to fill the space between the two teeth on the suction inlet side with high-viscosity fluid; if this space is not fully filled, the pump cannot discharge an accurate flow rate. Therefore, the PV value (pressure × flow velocity) is another limiting factor and a process variable. Due to these limitations, gear pump manufacturers offer a range of products with different specifications and displacements (volume discharged per revolution). These pumps are matched to specific application processes to optimize system capability and cost.

Vogel pump usage precautions

Gear pumps are suitable for various industries and handle a wide range of media. These gear pumps offer advantages such as robust construction, easy installation, easy disassembly, simple maintenance, uniform and continuous flow, minimal wear, and long service life. 1) During the use of gear pumps, frequent greasing is required. Since lubricating grease evaporates relatively easily, attention must be paid to replenishment and replacement, and cleanliness at the bearings must be maintained. 2) When using or after using the electric oil extraction pump, place it in a relatively dry, non-corrosive, and clean environment. 3) During the use of gear pumps, regular inspection and maintenance are necessary. Check the electric oil drum, including the power cord, internal wiring, plug, and switch, to ensure they are functioning normally. Inspect bearing components for any damage. 4) Preserve every component of the gear pump. During disassembly and inspection, keep all parts clean and stored properly.

Vogel pump maintenance

When using a gear pump, wear of the gear pump is unavoidable, therefore many problems will arise, so it is necessary to learn the most common maintenance technique for gear pumps. This enables accurate diagnosis when problems occur. Routine maintenance techniques are as follows: 1) Maintenance of the working surface: If the wear on the pump cover working surface is slight, you can manually eliminate the wear marks by lapping, that is, place a small amount of valve grinding compound on a surface plate or thick glass plate, then place the pump cover on top and lap it, until the wear marks are removed, and the working surface is flat. If the wear depth on the working surface of the pump cover exceeds zero point one millimeter, maintenance should be performed by first turning and then lapping. 2) Maintenance of the drive shaft bushing bore: The repair method for wear of the drive shaft bushing bore on the pump cover is the same as that for wear of the drive shaft bushing bore in the housing. Repair of the pump housing bore: After the pump housing bore wears, it is repaired by inserting a sleeve into the bore, that is, after boring out the inner cavity, fit a cast iron or steel sleeve. After inserting the sleeve, bore the inner cavity to the required dimensions, and grind off the portion of the sleeve protruding from the end face, so that it is flush with the mating surface of the pump housing. 3) Maintenance of the valve seat: Pressure-limiting valves come in two types: ball valve and plunger valve. After the ball valve seat wears, place a steel ball on the valve seat, then gently tap the steel ball with a metal rod, until the ball valve seats tightly against the valve seat. If the valve seat is severely worn, ream to remove the wear marks, and then use the above method to achieve a tight seal. After the plunger-type valve seat wears, a small amount of valve grinding compound can be added for lapping, lapping until a tight seal is achieved. The above describes some basic maintenance of components for gear pumps. During application, other different problems may also be encountered, and these different problems must be carefully discussed to identify their causes.

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