German SPX pump SPX model SPX price

SPX pump is a typical positive displacement hydraulic machine, driven by a prime mover, converting input mechanical energy into liquid pressure energy, and then inputting it into the system in the form of pressure and flow. It is the power source of the hydraulic system. Since it can transport liquids under high pressure, it is widely used in various industries in industrial production and daily life, such as water conservancy, construction, and energy. In addition, it is also widely used in shipbuilding, oil extraction, and heavy loaders.

SPX pump structural forms

Plunger pumps are divided into two representative structural forms: axial plunger pumps and radial plunger pumps. Since radial plunger pumps are a new type of high-efficiency pump with high technical content, with the acceleration of localization, radial plunger pumps will inevitably become an important part of the application field of plunger pumps. A radial plunger pump is a plunger pump in which the reciprocating motion direction of the piston or plunger is perpendicular to the drive shaft. Working principle of radial plunger pump: The driving torque is transmitted from the drive shaft to the star-shaped hydraulic cylinder block rotor through a cross coupling, and the stator is not subject to other lateral forces. The rotor is mounted on the distribution shaft. The radially arranged plungers located in the rotor adhere closely to the eccentric stroke stator through hydrostatically balanced shoes. The plunger is connected to the shoe via a ball joint and locked with a retaining ring. Two retaining rings hold the shoes against the stroke stator. When the pump rotates, it presses against the inner surface of the stator relying on centrifugal force and hydraulic pressure. As the rotor turns, due to the eccentricity of the stator, the plunger performs reciprocating motion, and its stroke is 2 times the stator eccentricity. The stator's eccentricity can be adjusted by two plungers positioned radially opposite each other on the pump body. Oil inlet and outlet occur through flow channels in the pump body and distribution shaft, controlled by the suction port on the distribution shaft. The hydraulic pressure generated within the pump body is absorbed by the hydrostatically balanced surfaces. The hydrostatic balance of the friction pairs adopts an over-balance pressure compensation method, forming open-loop control. The bearings supporting the drive shaft only provide support and are not subject to other external forces. In hydraulic systems: Axial plunger pumps operate by utilizing volume changes generated by the reciprocating motion of plungers parallel to the transmission shaft within plunger bores. Since the plungers and plunger bores of plunger pumps are circular parts, they can achieve very high precision fits during machining.

SPX pump mechanical principles

The total reciprocating stroke L of the plunger in a plunger pump is constant and determined by the cam lift. The fuel delivery volume per cycle depends on the delivery stroke, which is variable and not controlled by the camshaft. The start of fuel delivery does not change with variations in the delivery stroke. Rotating the plunger changes the end of fuel delivery, thereby altering the fuel delivery volume. During operation of the plunger pump, the cam on the fuel injection pump camshaft and the plunger spring force the plunger to perform up-and-down reciprocating motion, thus completing the pumping task. The pumping process can be divided into the following two stages: 1) Fuel intake process: After the lobe of the cam rotates past, the plunger moves downward under the spring force, creating a vacuum in the upper space of the plunger (called the pumping chamber). When the upper end face of the plunger opens the inlet port on the plunger sleeve, diesel fuel filling the oil passage in the upper body of the fuel pump enters the pumping chamber through the port. The intake ends when the plunger reaches bottom dead center. 2) Fuel return process: The plunger moves upward to deliver fuel. When the helical groove (cut-off edge) on the plunger aligns with the return port on the sleeve, the low-pressure oil circuit in the pumping chamber communicates with the central hole, radial holes, and helical groove at the plunger head. The oil pressure drops sharply, and the delivery valve closes rapidly under the spring force, stopping fuel delivery. The plunger continues to move upward; after the lobe of the cam rotates past, the plunger moves downward again under the spring force. At this point, the next cycle begins. The plunger pump is described here using a single plunger as the principle. A plunger pump has two check valves with opposite orientations. When the plunger moves in one direction, negative pressure occurs in the cylinder, opening one check valve and drawing liquid into the cylinder. When the plunger moves in the other direction, the liquid is compressed, opening the other check valve and discharging the liquid drawn into the cylinder. This operating mode results in continuous fuel delivery through continuous motion.

SPX pump mechanical maintenance

For plunger pumps using a charge pump for oil supply, after 3000h of use, operators need to inspect the plunger pump 1-2 times daily to check whether the operating sound of the hydraulic pump is normal. If a decrease in hydraulic cylinder speed or stalling is found, the charge pump should be disassembled for inspection to check for scratches on the impeller edges and whether the internal gear pump clearance is excessive. For self-priming plunger pumps, the oil level in the hydraulic tank must not be lower than the lower limit of the oil gauge; sufficient hydraulic oil must be maintained. The higher the cleanliness of the hydraulic oil, the longer the service life of the hydraulic pump. The most important component of a plunger pump is the bearing. If the bearing develops play, the normal clearance of the three pairs of friction pairs inside the hydraulic pump cannot be guaranteed, and the thickness of the static hydraulic support oil film of each friction pair will be damaged, reducing the service life of the plunger pump bearing. According to data provided by hydraulic pump manufacturers, the average service life of bearings is 10000h, and replacement with new ones is required if this value is exceeded. For removed bearings, without professional testing instruments, bearing play cannot be detected; only visual inspection is possible. If scratches or discoloration are found on the roller surface, replacement is mandatory. When replacing bearings, note the English letters and model of the original bearing. Plunger pump bearings mostly adopt large load capacity bearings. Purchase products from the original manufacturer with original specifications. If changing to another brand, consult personnel experienced with bearings to check tables for substitution, aiming to maintain the bearing's precision grade and load capacity. The length of service life of a plunger pump is related to routine maintenance, the quantity and quality of hydraulic oil, and oil cleanliness. Avoiding wear on the plunger pump friction pairs caused by particles in the oil is also an effective way to extend the plunger pump's life. During maintenance, try to use original factory-produced parts when replacing components. These parts are sometimes more expensive than other counterfeit parts, but their quality and stability are better. Purchasing cheap counterfeit parts may seem to save costs in the short term, but it brings hidden dangers and may cause greater harm to the use of the plunger pump. There are two forms of valve plates: flat distribution and spherical distribution. For friction pairs with spherical distribution, if scratches on the cylinder block distribution surface are relatively shallow, they can be repaired by grinding; if grooves on the cylinder block distribution surface are deeper, "surface engineering technology" means should first be used to fill the grooves before grinding. Blind grinding should be avoided to prevent the copper layer from becoming too thin or exposing the steel base, leading to oil leakage. Plunger pumps can also use frequency converters to save electrical energy. Engineers from Shanghai Zhengyi pointed out that in actual production processes, plunger pumps usually regulate their working status by pressure or flow. When the actual pressure exceeds the required pressure, it is regulated by a relief valve to keep the working pressure stable, allowing the relief valve to release the excess. The motor always runs at full speed with repeated actions, and power consumption remains unchanged. When using overflow to regulate pressure and flow, some surplus flows back to the original system, resulting in useless power in the plunger pump and low work efficiency. If a Chuangjie energy-saving frequency converter is used, the relief valve can be set to close, and the working pressure is automatically adjusted by the energy-saving frequency converter itself to maintain stable working pressure and automatically track the equipment's pressure. This achieves automated control, thereby saving energy consumption. The greatest advantage of this regulation method is that it can reduce the operating energy consumption of the plunger pump, with power saving effects reaching 30% or more.

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