German AP&T pumps, AP&T models, AP&T prices

AP&T pumps operate by using impeller rotation to generate centrifugal motion in water. Before starting the pump, the pump casing and suction pipe must be filled with water. Then, start the motor so that the pump shaft drives the impeller and water into high-speed rotational motion. The water undergoes centrifugal motion, is thrown toward the outer edge of the impeller, and flows through the volute casing passages into the discharge piping of the water pump.

AP&T pump structure composition

The basic construction of a centrifugal pump consists of six parts: impeller, pump body, pump shaft, bearings, sealing ring, and packing gland. 1) The impeller is the core component of the centrifugal pump; it has high speed and high output. The blades on the impeller play a major role. The impeller must undergo static balance testing before assembly. The inner and outer surfaces of the impeller must be smooth to reduce friction losses from water flow. 2) The pump body, also known as the pump casing, is the main body of the water pump. It provides support and fixation and connects to the bracket where the bearings are installed. 3) The function of the pump shaft is to connect to the motor via a coupling and transmit the motor's torque to the impeller, making it the primary component for transmitting mechanical energy. 4) Sliding bearings use transparent oil as a lubricant, filled to the oil level line. Too much oil will seep out along the pump shaft; too little will cause the bearing to overheat and burn out, leading to accidents! During pump operation, the maximum bearing temperature is 85 degrees, with normal operation around 60 degrees. 5) The sealing ring, also known as the leakage reduction ring. 6) The packing gland mainly consists of packing, water seal ring, packing sleeve, packing gland cover, and water seal pipe. The main function of the packing gland is to seal the gap between the pump casing and the pump shaft, preventing water inside the pump from leaking out and air from entering the pump. It maintains the vacuum inside the water pump! When heat is generated by friction between the pump shaft and the packing, the water seal pipe directs water into the water seal ring to cool the packing, ensuring normal pump operation. Therefore, inspection of the packing gland requires special attention during routine operational checks. The packing should be replaced after approximately 600 hours of operation.

AP&T pump maintenance

Centrifugal pump shutdown is primarily caused by mechanical seal failure. Failure mostly manifests as leakage, with the following causes: 1) Leakage at the sealing faces of the stationary and rotating rings, mainly due to: end face flatness and roughness not meeting requirements, or surface scratches; particulate matter between the end faces preventing uniform operation; improper installation or incorrect method. 2) Leakage of the compensation ring O-ring, mainly due to: deformation of the gland cover, uneven preload; incorrect installation; O-ring quality not meeting standards; incorrect O-ring selection. Practical usage indicates that the most common failure location for sealing elements is the end faces of the rotating and stationary rings. Cracking of the rotating and stationary ring end faces in centrifugal pump mechanical seals is a common failure phenomenon, with main causes including: 3) Excessive gap at the sealing face during installation, preventing the flushing fluid from removing heat generated by the friction pair in time; flushing fluid leaks through the sealing face gap, causing overheating and damage to the end faces. 4) Vaporization and expansion of the liquid medium cause the two end faces to separate due to vaporization expansion forces. When the two sealing faces are forced together, the lubricating film is destroyed, causing overheating of the end face surface. 5) Poor lubricity of the liquid medium, combined with excessive operating pressure, causes asynchronous tracking rotation of the two sealing faces. For example, a high-speed pump with a speed of 20445r/min, a sealing face center diameter of 7cm, reaches a linear velocity of up to 75 m/s after operation. If one sealing face lags and cannot track the rotation, instantaneous high temperature causes damage to the sealing face. 6) Blockage of the mechanical seal flushing fluid orifice plate or filter screen results in insufficient water flow, causing mechanical seal failure.

AP&T pump industry applications

Centrifugal pumps feature a compact structure, wide flow and head ranges, and are suitable for mildly corrosive liquids. They offer multiple control options, uniform flow, smooth operation, and low vibration, requiring no special vibration-damping foundations. Equipment installation, maintenance, and repair costs are low. They are widely used in industries such as electric power, metallurgy, coal, and building materials to transport slurries containing solid particles, such as hydraulic ash removal in thermal power plants, ore slurry transport in metallurgical concentrators, and coal slurry and heavy medium transport in coal washing plants. When a centrifugal pump is in operation, the pump must be placed on land with the suction pipe submerged in water, and priming is required for startup. Due to structural constraints, submersible centrifugal pumps and slurry pumps require the motor to be positioned above the water surface while the pump is submerged; therefore, they must be securely fixed, otherwise the motor may fall into the water, resulting in motor scrapping. Furthermore, since the long shaft length is generally fixed, installation and use are more cumbersome, and application scenarios are subject to many restrictions.

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