German PAULY sensor PAULY model PAULY price

PAULY sensors are the direct source of information for the entire machine vision system, mainly consisting of one or two image sensors, sometimes accompanied by light projectors and other auxiliary equipment. The main function of a vision sensor is to acquire sufficient raw images for the machine vision system to process. Image sensors can use laser scanners, line-scan and area-scan CCD cameras or TV cameras, as well as the latest digital cameras.

PAULY sensor features

Currently, baffles can be designed according to the water flow rate to reduce the water resistance generated when water flows through the flow sensor, thereby reducing head loss in the water system. However, due to long-term impact from water flow, baffle-type sensors still suffer from fatigue issues, and setpoint drift may occur even if the flow value is calibrated at the factory. They are typically used in applications where precise flow protection is not required, i.e., for flow interruption protection in case of sudden water stoppage in pipes. In China, very few are designed specifically for water-source heat pump units. The baffle type is specifically developed for water flow monitoring in water-loop/ground-source heat pump air conditioning units. It is equipped with different baffles for different pipe diameters, and the water resistance of each baffle does not exceed 0.5 meters of water column, which is significantly lower than that of target-type sensors. Each baffle-type flow sensor is equipped with pipe fittings identical to those of the water-loop heat pump unit's water pipes. On-site installation only requires connecting to the water pipe without any modification to the baffle. Additionally, the pressure rating of the baffle-type flow switch exceeds 25bar, making it a low-cost flow switch for water-loop heat pump units with less stringent flow requirements. Feedback from use in water-loop/ground-source heat pump units shows that differential pressure switches can effectively identify problems in the on-site installation of water pipelines for water-loop heat pump units, completely avoiding heat exchanger freeze-up caused by low water flow. Flow sensors can also protect against heat exchanger freeze-up due to reduced water flow caused by clogged water filters. Furthermore, water pipeline differential pressure switches do not carry the risk of fatigue failure associated with target flow switches. Especially when there is a small amount of air in the water pipeline, the flow sensor operates very stably without floating issues similar to those of target flow switches. Feedback from years of use has not revealed any faults in the differential pressure switch itself.

PAULY sensor principle

Basic principles and types of ultrasonic flowmeters: When ultrasound propagates in a flowing fluid, it carries information about the fluid's flow velocity. Therefore, the fluid's flow velocity can be detected by receiving the ultrasound, which is then converted into flow rate. Depending on the detection method, ultrasonic flowmeters can be classified into different types such as transit-time difference method, Doppler method, beam deflection method, noise method, and correlation method. Ultrasonic flowmeters are non-contact instruments that have come into application in the last decade or so with the rapid development of integrated circuit technology. They are suitable for measuring fluids that are difficult to contact and observe, as well as large-diameter pipe flows. Linked with water level gauges, they can measure open-channel flow. Using ultrasonic flow measurement eliminates the need to install measuring elements in the fluid, thus not altering the fluid's flow state or generating additional resistance. Installation and maintenance of the instrument do not affect the operation of production pipelines, making it an ideal energy-saving flowmeter. Industrial flow measurement commonly faces difficulties in measuring large pipe diameters and high flow rates. This is because general flowmeters encounter manufacturing and transportation difficulties as the measurement pipe diameter increases, leading to higher costs, greater energy loss, and installation challenges. Ultrasonic flowmeters avoid all these disadvantages. Since various ultrasonic flowmeters can be installed externally for non-contact flow measurement, the instrument cost is basically independent of the measured pipe diameter. In contrast, the cost of other types of flowmeters increases substantially with diameter. Therefore, the larger the diameter, the more superior the cost-performance ratio of ultrasonic flowmeters compared to other types with similar functions. They are considered excellent instruments for large-diameter flow measurement. Doppler method ultrasonic flowmeters can measure the flow of two-phase media, making them suitable for measuring dirty flows such as sewage and drainage. In power plants.

PAULY sensor selection

When selecting flow sensors, users should choose suitable sensors based on their own needs. Many users have different requirements for the sensors they use, so the selected standards vary. If highly professional data and results are required, national standards should be selected. However, if the sensor is only used as a simple instrument in an enterprise for rough analysis, enterprise standards can be selected. When purchasing flow sensors, everyone must consider carefully and choose sensors with guaranteed quality and good usability. Many people assume that new sensors have higher technology, which is a very one-sided view. New products must possess mature technology to be considered good products. In many economic sectors, accurate flow measurement has become very important. Nowadays, sensors are basically used to measure flow volume. Sensors sense fluid flow and convert it into usable output signals, making operations simpler and more convenient. The quantity of flowing objects passing through per unit time is called flow rate. Different flow sensors are used for different objects, often distinguished by the measured medium and measurement method. Flow sensors are generally used for the flow of media fluids in industrial pipelines. Under normal circumstances, there are various media such as gas, liquid, and steam. Several types of flow sensors can be universal for these various media. The first type is the vortex flow sensor. Another type is the ultrasonic flow sensor. With the development of ultrasonic technology, ultrasonic flow sensors can generally measure the flow of most flowing objects. Ultrasonic flow sensors have various measurement methods, each with its own characteristics. We should select based on factors such as the properties of the measured fluid, flow velocity distribution, pipeline installation location, and accuracy requirements. Due to the common difficulties in industrial flow measurement regarding large pipe diameters and high flow rates—because general flow sensors encounter manufacturing and transportation difficulties, increased costs, and greater energy loss as the measurement pipe diameter increases—ultrasonic flowmeters avoid these disadvantages. The flow measurement accuracy of ultrasonic flow sensors is hardly affected by parameters such as temperature, pressure, viscosity, and density of the measured fluid. They can also be made into non-contact and portable measuring instruments, thus solving flow measurement problems for strongly corrosive, non-conductive, radioactive, and flammable/explosive media that are difficult to measure with other types of instruments.

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