German MICRO DETECTORS sensors, MICRO DETECTORS models, MICRO DETECTORS prices

MICRO DETECTORS sensors, also known as torque sensors, torsion sensors, torque sensors, and torque meters, are divided into two main categories: dynamic and static. Among them, dynamic torque sensors are also called torque sensors, torque-speed sensors, non-contact torque sensors, and rotary torque sensors. Torque sensors detect the twisting moment on various rotating or non-rotating mechanical components. They convert the physical changes of torque into precise electrical signals. Torque sensors can be used in the manufacture of viscometers and electric (pneumatic, hydraulic) torque wrenches. They offer advantages such as high precision, fast frequency response, good reliability, and long service life.

MICRO DETECTORS sensor structure

It consists of two parts: the scale grating and the grating readhead. The figure on the right shows the structure of the linear encoder scale. The key part of the grating detection device is the grating readhead, which comprises a light source, condensing lens, index grating, photoelectric elements, and adjustment mechanisms. There are many structural forms of grating readheads, classified by their structural characteristics and application scenarios into direct-reception readheads (also known as silicon photovoltaic cell readheads, mirror-image readheads, beam-splitter readheads, and metal grating reflective readheads).

MICRO DETECTORS sensor principle

The essence of a grating displacement sensor is to measure position using the grating pitch as a standard ruler. High-resolution linear encoder scales are generally expensive and difficult to manufacture. To improve system resolution, Moiré fringes need to be subdivided; grating scale sensor systems mostly use electronic subdivision methods. When two gratings overlap at a slight angle, Moiré fringes are generated in a direction roughly perpendicular to the grating lines. As the grating moves, the Moiré fringes move up and down accordingly. This converts the measurement of the grating pitch into the measurement of the number of Moiré fringes. Within the width of one Moiré fringe, placing 4 photoelectric devices at specific intervals enables electronic subdivision and direction determination. For example, for a grating scale with 50 line pairs per mm, the grating pitch is 0.02mm. With four-fold subdivision, counting pulses with a resolution of 5μm can be obtained, which achieves very high precision in general industrial measurement and control. Since displacement is a vector, both its magnitude and direction must be detected; therefore, at least two photoelectric signals with different phases are required. To eliminate common-mode interference, DC components, and even harmonics, differential amplifiers composed of low-drift operational amplifiers are typically used. The 4 photoelectric signals obtained from 4 photosensitive devices are sent to the inputs of 2 differential amplifiers. The two signals output from the differential amplifiers have a phase difference of π/2. To obtain direction determination and counting pulses, these two signals must first be shaped into square waves with a duty cycle of 1:1. Then, by comparing the phases of the square waves, the movement direction of the grating scale can be determined. By counting the square wave pulses, the displacement and speed of the grating scale can be obtained.

MICRO DETECTORS sensor usage precautions

When plugging and unplugging the connector of the linear encoder sensor and the digital readout unit, ensure the power is turned off. Install an external protective cover whenever possible, and promptly remove chips and oil that splash onto the scale to strictly prevent any foreign matter from entering the housing of the linear encoder sensor. Regularly check whether the mounting and connection screws are loose. To extend the service life of the dust-proof sealing strip, apply a thin, even layer of silicone oil to the sealing strip, taking care not to let it splash onto the glass grating etched surface. To ensure the reliability of the linear encoder sensor, clean and wipe the linear encoder scale surface and the index grating surface at regular intervals using an ethanol mixture (50%) to keep the glass linear encoder scale surface clean. The linear encoder sensor must be protected from severe vibration and impact to avoid damaging the linear encoder scale; if the scale fractures, the linear encoder sensor will fail. Do not disassemble the linear encoder sensor yourself, and never arbitrarily change the relative gap between the main scale and the secondary scale. Doing so may compromise the accuracy of the linear encoder sensor and cause relative friction between the main and secondary scales, damaging the chrome layer and thus the grating lines, which renders the linear encoder scale unusable. Take care to prevent oil stains and water from contaminating the linear encoder scale surface, as this can disrupt the distribution of the grating lines and cause measurement errors. Avoid operating the linear encoder sensor in environments with severe corrosive effects to prevent corrosion of the grating chrome layer and the linear encoder scale surface, which would degrade the quality of the linear encoder scale.

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