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Hydropa sensors, also known as torque sensors, torsion sensors, torque meters, are divided into two main categories: dynamic and static. Among them, dynamic torque sensors can also be called torque sensors, torque-speed sensors, non-contact torque sensors, rotating torque sensors, etc. Torque sensors detect the twisting moment on various rotating or non-rotating mechanical components. Torque sensors convert physical changes in torque into precise electrical signals. Torque sensors can be used in manufacturing viscometers, electric (pneumatic, hydraulic) torque wrenches, and they have advantages such as high precision, fast frequency response, good reliability, and long life.

Hydropa sensor classification

1) Contact sensors: The contacts of contact sensors are activated by the contact and compression of two objects. Common examples include limit switches and two-dimensional matrix position sensors. Limit switches have a simple structure, reliable operation, and low cost. When an object moves and hits a limit switch, its internal contacts activate, completing control. For example, if limit switches are installed at both ends of the X, Y, and Z axes of a machining center, the movement range can be controlled. Two-dimensional matrix position sensors are installed inside robotic hands to detect their contact position with an object. 2) Proximity sensors: A proximity switch is a switch that emits an "activation" signal when an object approaches within a set distance, without direct contact. There are many types of proximity switches, mainly including electromagnetic, photoelectric, differential transformer, eddy current, capacitive, reed switch, and Hall effect types. The application of proximity switches on CNC machine tools mainly includes tool selection control for the tool holder, worktable travel control, and piston stroke control for oil and air cylinders.

Hydropa sensor working principle

Crankshaft position sensors are usually installed at the front end of the crankshaft (at the pulley), near the large flywheel at the rear end of the crankshaft, or in the middle of the crankshaft. Early models also had them installed inside the distributor. They are one of the most important sensors in the control system. Their functions include: detecting engine speed, hence also called speed sensors; detecting the top dead center position of the piston, hence also called top dead center sensors, including detecting signals for controlling ignition timing for each cylinder's top dead center and the first cylinder's top dead center signal for controlling sequential fuel injection.

Hydropa sensor industry applications

1) Brushless DC motors: Position sensors are one of the three major components of brushless DC motor systems and are the main distinguishing feature from brushed DC motors. Their function is to detect the position of the main rotor during motion, converting the position signal of the rotor magnet poles into electrical signals, providing correct commutation information to the logic switching circuit to control their conduction and cutoff. This ensures that the current in the motor armature windings commutes sequentially according to the rotor position, forming a stepwise rotating magnetic field in the air gap, driving the permanent magnet rotor to rotate continuously. Brushless DC motors require position sensors to measure the rotor position. The motor controller uses the position sensor signals to synchronize the inverter commutation with the rotor, driving the motor to operate continuously. Although brushless DC motors can also detect rotor position through the back EMF generated by the stator windings, eliminating the need for position sensors, the back EMF signal is too weak to detect when the motor starts due to low speed. Hall sensor chips used as position sensors for brushless DC motors come in two types: switching and latching. For electric bicycle motors, both types of Hall sensor chips can accurately measure the position of the rotor magnets. The performance of brushless DC motors made with these two types of Hall sensor chips, including output power, efficiency, and torque, shows no difference, and they are compatible with the same motor controllers. The application of position sensors reduces motor noise, improves motor lifespan and performance, and achieves energy savings. The application of position sensors undoubtedly provides strong impetus to the development of the motor market. 2) Crankshaft and camshaft: The function of the position sensor is to collect crankshaft rotation angle and engine speed signals and input them into the electronic control unit (ECu), to determine ignition timing and fuel injection timing. To distinguish it from the crankshaft position sensor (CPS), the camshaft position sensor is generally represented by CIS. The function of the camshaft position sensor is to collect the position signal of the camshaft and input it into ECU, so that ECU can identify the compression top dead center of cylinder 1, thereby performing sequential fuel injection control, ignition timing control, and knock control. Additionally, the camshaft position signal is used to identify the first ignition timing during engine startup. Because the camshaft position sensor can identify which cylinder piston is about to reach top dead center, it is called a cylinder identification sensor.

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