German Durag sensor Durag model Durag price

Durag sensors are measurement feedback devices that operate based on the optical principle of gratings. Grating scales are frequently used in the closed-loop servo systems of CNC machine tools and can be used to detect linear or angular displacement. The measurement output signal is a digital pulse, characterized by a large detection range, high detection accuracy, and fast response speed. For example, in CNC machine tools, they are often used to detect the coordinates of tools and workpieces to observe and track tool path errors, thereby compensating for tool motion errors. Depending on the manufacturing method and optical principle, grating scales are divided into transmissive gratings and reflective gratings.

Durag sensor features

1) Since detection is performed in a non-contact manner, there is no wear or damage to the detected object. 2) Since a contactless output method is adopted, service life is extended (except for magnetic types). Semiconductor output is used, which has no effect on contact life. 3) Unlike optical detection methods, it is suitable for use in environments with water and oil, and is hardly affected by stains, oil, or water on the detected object. In addition, products with Teflon housings and good chemical resistance are available. 4) Compared with contact switches, high-speed response can be achieved. 5) It can accommodate a wide temperature range. 6) It detects changes in the physical properties of the detected object without being affected by the color of the detected object, so it is hardly affected by surface color, etc. 7) Unlike contact types, it is affected by ambient temperature, surrounding objects, and other sensors of the same type, including inductive and capacitive types, where sensors mutually influence each other. Therefore, mutual interference must be considered when installing sensors. In addition, for inductive types, the influence of surrounding metals must be considered, while for capacitive types, the influence of surrounding objects must be considered.

Durag sensor selection principles

1) Selection of sensitivity: Generally, within the linear range of the sensor, higher sensitivity is preferred. Only when sensitivity is high is the output signal value corresponding to the change in the measured quantity relatively large, which is beneficial for signal processing. However, it should be noted that high sensor sensitivity makes it easy for external noise unrelated to the measured quantity to mix in and be amplified by the amplification system, affecting measurement accuracy. Therefore, the sensor itself should have a high signal-to-noise ratio to minimize interference signals introduced from the outside. Sensor sensitivity is directional. When the measured quantity is a single vector and high directionality is required, a sensor with low sensitivity in other directions should be selected; if the measured quantity is a multi-dimensional vector, the cross-sensitivity of the sensor should be as small as possible. 2) Frequency response characteristics: The frequency response characteristics of the sensor determine the frequency range of the measured quantity, and distortion must be avoided within the allowable frequency range. In practice, sensor response always has a certain delay, and shorter delay times are preferred. The higher the frequency response of the sensor, the wider the measurable signal frequency range. In dynamic measurements, response characteristics should be selected according to the characteristics of the signal (steady-state, transient, random, etc.) to avoid excessive errors. 3) Linear range: The linear range of a sensor refers to the range where the output is proportional to the input. Theoretically, within this range, sensitivity remains constant. The wider the linear range of the sensor, the larger its measuring range, and it can ensure a certain measurement accuracy. When selecting a sensor, once the type is determined, the first thing to check is whether the measuring range meets the requirements. However, in reality, no sensor can guarantee absolute linearity, and its linearity is relative. When the required measurement accuracy is relatively low, a sensor with small non-linear error can be approximated as linear within a certain range, which brings great convenience to measurement. 4) Stability: The ability of a sensor to maintain its performance unchanged after a period of use is called stability. Factors affecting the long-term stability of a sensor, in addition to the sensor's own structure, are mainly the sensor's operating environment. Therefore, to ensure good stability, the sensor must have strong environmental adaptability. Before selecting a sensor, its operating environment should be investigated, and a suitable sensor should be selected based on the specific operating environment, or appropriate measures should be taken to reduce environmental impact. Sensor stability has quantitative indicators; after exceeding the service life, recalibration should be performed before use to determine whether the sensor's performance has changed. In some applications where the sensor needs to be used for a long time and cannot be easily replaced or calibrated, stricter stability requirements are imposed on the selected sensor, requiring it to withstand long-term testing.5) Accuracy: Accuracy is an important performance indicator of a sensor and is a key link related to the measurement accuracy of the entire measurement system. The higher the accuracy of the sensor, the more expensive it is. Therefore, the accuracy of the sensor only needs to meet the accuracy requirements of the entire measurement system and does not need to be excessively high. This allows for the selection of cheaper and simpler sensors among many sensors that meet the same measurement purpose. If the measurement purpose is qualitative analysis, a sensor with high repeatability accuracy can be selected, and it is not advisable to select one with high absolute value accuracy; if it is for quantitative analysis and precise measurement values must be obtained, a sensor with an accuracy grade that meets the requirements must be selected. For certain special applications where a suitable sensor cannot be selected, the sensor must be designed and manufactured independently. The performance of self-made sensors should meet the usage requirements.

Durag sensor precautions for use

1) High-temperature environments cause problems such as melting of coating materials, opening of solder joints, and structural changes in internal stresses within the elastic body. Sensors working in high-temperature environments often use high-temperature resistant sensors; in addition, devices such as heat insulation, water cooling, or air cooling must be added. 2) Dust and moisture cause short-circuit effects on sensors. In these environmental conditions, sensors with high sealing should be selected. Different sensors have different sealing methods, and their sealing properties vary significantly. Common sealing methods include filling or coating with sealant; mechanical fastening sealing with rubber gaskets; welding (argon arc welding, plasma beam welding) and vacuum nitrogen-filled sealing. In terms of sealing effectiveness, welded sealing is the best, and filled/coated sealant is the worst. For sensors working in clean, dry indoor environments, coated sealant sensors can be selected, while for sensors working in humid, high-dust environments, diaphragm heat-shrink sealing, diaphragm welding sealing, or vacuum nitrogen-filled sensors should be selected. 3) In highly corrosive environments, such as humidity and acidity, which cause damage to the elastic body or short circuits, sensors with plastic-sprayed surfaces or stainless steel housings, which offer good corrosion resistance and good sealing, should be selected. 4) Electromagnetic fields affect sensor output with chaotic signals. In this case, the shielding of the sensor should be strictly checked to see if it has good electromagnetic immunity. 5) Flammable and explosive environments not only cause complete damage to the sensor but also pose a significant threat to other equipment and personal safety. Therefore, sensors working in flammable and explosive environments have higher requirements for explosion-proof performance: in flammable and explosive environments, explosion-proof sensors must be selected. The sealed housing of such sensors must consider not only its sealing but also explosion-proof strength, as well as the waterproof, moisture-proof, and explosion-proof properties of the cable lead-out.

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