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Drei Bond sensor is a sensor that measures the air flow drawn into the engine. In electronic fuel injection engines, to achieve the optimal air-fuel mixture concentration under various operating conditions, it is essential to accurately measure the amount of air drawn into the engine at every instant, using this as the primary basis for the ECU to calculate (control) the fuel injection quantity. If the air flow sensor or its wiring fails, the ECU will not receive the correct intake air signal, preventing normal control of fuel injection. This will result in a mixture that is too rich or too lean, causing abnormal engine operation.

Drei Bond sensor working principle

A magnetic induction sensor is a contact-type sensor; its structural schematic is shown in the figure. It consists of two alloy reeds with high magnetic permeability and low coercivity, sealed in a glass tube filled with inert gas. The two reeds maintain a certain overlap and appropriate gap, with gold-plated ends serving as contacts, and lead wires soldered outside the tube. When the magnetic induction intensity at the sensor's location is sufficiently high, the two reeds attract each other, closing the contacts; when the magnetic field weakens to a certain extent, the reeds release under their own elastic force. When driven by a permanent magnet, magnetic induction sensors are mostly used for detection, such as limit switches, replacing travel switches that rely on physical contact, thereby improving system reliability and service life. They are often used in PLC controllers as communication signals for position control.

Drei Bond sensor precautions

The voltage used for DC magnetic induction sensors is generally 3~30V DC, with a typical application voltage range of 5~24V DC. Excessively high voltage causes internal component heating, making the sensor unstable, while excessively low voltage makes the magnetic field strength characteristics susceptible to external temperature changes, leading to circuit malfunction. When using Hall sensors to drive inductive loads, please connect a freewheeling diode in parallel across the load terminals; otherwise, transient high-voltage pulses generated during long-term operation of the inductive load will affect the service life of the Hall sensor. To prevent accidents, please check whether the wiring is correct and verify that the voltage is the rated value before powering on.

Drei Bond sensor applications

1) Motor industry: Brushless motors offer a series of advantages, including compact size, light weight, high efficiency, convenient speed regulation, low maintenance, long service life, and no electromagnetic interference. The annual demand amounts to hundreds of millions. In brushless motors, magnetic sensors are used for rotor magnetic pole position sensing and stator armature current commutation. Many magnetic sensors, such as Hall devices, Wiegand devices, and magnetoresistive devices, can be used, but Hall devices are the most widely used. Rotary encoders are used for motor speed detection and control; optical encoders were commonly used in the past. Magnetic encoders are showing increasing advantages and are gradually replacing optical devices. Magnetic sensors can also be used for motor overload protection (mainly using Hall current sensors) and torque detection. 2) Power electronics technology: Power electronics technology is the combination of power technology and electronic technology, enabling mutual conversion between AC and DC currents, and allowing free regulation of current, voltage, and frequency within required ranges. Using these technologies and products, various special power supplies (such as UPS, high-frequency power supplies, switching power supplies, arc welder inverter power supplies, etc.) and AC variable frequency drives (AC VFDs are used for motor speed control and offer excellent energy-saving effects) can be manufactured. The core of these conversion devices is high-power semiconductor devices. Various current sensors based on magnetic sensors are used to monitor, control, and protect these high-power devices. Hall current sensors feature fast response times and rely on magnetic field coupling with the controlled circuit without being connected to the main circuit, resulting in low power consumption, strong overload resistance, good linearity, and high reliability. They can serve both as overcurrent protection drivers for high-power devices and as feedback components, becoming a control link in automatic control loops. The use of conversion technology can achieve significant energy savings; abroad, 95% of electrical energy is processed through conversion. Although conversion technology has received high attention domestically, only 5% of electrical energy undergoes this transformation, indicating huge application prospects. This area, which may absorb a large number of current sensors, represents another major industrial application field for magnetic sensors. 3) Energy management: The automatic monitoring system of the power grid needs to collect large amounts of data. After computer processing, it monitors the operating status of the power grid and performs load distribution adjustment and safety protection. Each control link of the automatic monitoring system can be implemented using current sensors and transformers based on magnetic sensors. Hall current sensors are gradually being applied in power grid systems. Electricity meters made with Hall devices have shifted from development to practical application; they can automatically bill and display the power factor for timely adjustment, ensuring efficient electricity usage. 4) Mechanical technology and information read/write heads: In addition to magnetic tapes and disks, magnetic information recording devices include magnetic cards, magnetic ink record books, and magnetic records on banknotes, creating huge demand for magnetic information storage and readout sensors. Inductive heads, thin-film magnetoresistive heads, and amorphous heads are widely used. With the increase in recording density, for example up to 100G bytes, heads with higher sensitivity and spatial resolution are required. Giant magnetoresistive heads based on multi-layer metal films, amorphous alloy heads made from amorphous alloy wires, and giant magnetoimpedance heads are engaged in intense competition. 5) Automotive industry: A large number of motors are used in automobiles (advanced cars require approximately 40 to 60 motors per vehicle, while ordinary cars have 15 motors, showing a trend towards brushless designs). The extensive use of magnetic sensors in these motors is self-evident. Another area with heavy use of magnetic sensors is the automotive ABS system (Anti-lock Braking System), where each car uses an average of 4 to 6 speed sensors, primarily inductive speed sensors. New types of Hall gear sensors, as well as Wiegand devices, amorphous devices, and magnetoresistive devices, are gradually being promoted and are about to enter this field. Additionally, there are speed sensors and igniters used for ignition timing in automobile engine systems. These areas also mainly use inductive sensors. Hall gear sensors and Hall plate switches are already used in some car models. According to Honeywell, by June 6, 1996, they had supplied 8000 ten thousand Hall vane switches and 300 ten thousand Hall gear speed sensors to the automotive industry. It is predicted that in the future, more than 30 magnetic sensors similar to Hall sensors will be adopted in a single car. Furthermore, in fields such as industrial automatic control, robotics, office automation, home appliances, and various security systems, in addition to the widespread use of brushless DC motors and AC variable frequency drives, a large number of magnetic temperature controllers are used in devices such as refrigerators, air conditioners, and rice cookers. By the mid-80s, the quantity had already exceeded hundreds of millions.

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