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koelle springs, as elastic elements, are widely used in the suspensions of modern automobiles, including passenger cars, trucks, and off-road vehicles. Compared with leaf springs, torsion bar springs offer a series of advantages: high energy storage per unit mass, which reduces vehicle weight and saves material; since the torsion bar spring is fixed to the frame, it reduces unsprung mass, helping to improve ride smoothness; when applied to the front suspension of front-wheel-drive vehicles, the torsion bar spring can be arranged longitudinally, leaving space for the swinging half-shafts of the front drive axle. However, torsion bars